We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 04 December 19
FITCH RATINGS: CASH FLOW GENERATION TO SLOW DOWN FOR INDONESIAN COAL MINERS
Fitch Ratings' negative outlook on the Indonesian coal-mining sector reflects our view of weaker cash flow generation on account of declining c ...
Wednesday, 04 December 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Dry bulk freight rates rebounded last week, a development that came as a relief following the recent negative sentiment that prevailed in the marke ...
Wednesday, 04 December 19
INDONESIA REVIEWING RULES MANDATING COAL SALES TO LOCAL BUYERS: OFFICIAL - REUTERS
Indonesia is reviewing rules that require coal miners to sell a portion of their coal to local buyers, a government official said on Monday, as sup ...
Monday, 02 December 19
COAL PRODUCTION IN INDIA UP BY 164.58 MT IN 5 YEARS - BUSINESS LINE
Raw coal production in the country has increased from 567.77 million tons (MT) in 2013-14 to 730.35 MT in 2018-19, Union Coal and Parliamentary Aff ...
Monday, 02 December 19
OPEC PREPS FOR OIL'S 2020 BALANCING ACT - WOOD MACKENZIE
What steps should OPEC and its non-OPEC partners take to keep the market in balance in 2020? Ahead of OPEC’s meeting in Vienna on 5 and 6 Dec ...
|
|
|
Showing 1256 to 1260 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- The University of Queensland
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- PTC India Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
|
| |
| |
|
