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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 04 December 19
FITCH RATINGS: CASH FLOW GENERATION TO SLOW DOWN FOR INDONESIAN COAL MINERS
Fitch Ratings' negative outlook on the Indonesian coal-mining sector reflects our view of weaker cash flow generation on account of declining c ...
Wednesday, 04 December 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Dry bulk freight rates rebounded last week, a development that came as a relief following the recent negative sentiment that prevailed in the marke ...
Wednesday, 04 December 19
INDONESIA REVIEWING RULES MANDATING COAL SALES TO LOCAL BUYERS: OFFICIAL - REUTERS
Indonesia is reviewing rules that require coal miners to sell a portion of their coal to local buyers, a government official said on Monday, as sup ...
Monday, 02 December 19
COAL PRODUCTION IN INDIA UP BY 164.58 MT IN 5 YEARS - BUSINESS LINE
Raw coal production in the country has increased from 567.77 million tons (MT) in 2013-14 to 730.35 MT in 2018-19, Union Coal and Parliamentary Aff ...
Monday, 02 December 19
OPEC PREPS FOR OIL'S 2020 BALANCING ACT - WOOD MACKENZIE
What steps should OPEC and its non-OPEC partners take to keep the market in balance in 2020? Ahead of OPEC’s meeting in Vienna on 5 and 6 Dec ...
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- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- The University of Queensland
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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