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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 04 December 19
FITCH RATINGS: CASH FLOW GENERATION TO SLOW DOWN FOR INDONESIAN COAL MINERS
Fitch Ratings' negative outlook on the Indonesian coal-mining sector reflects our view of weaker cash flow generation on account of declining c ...
Wednesday, 04 December 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Dry bulk freight rates rebounded last week, a development that came as a relief following the recent negative sentiment that prevailed in the marke ...
Wednesday, 04 December 19
INDONESIA REVIEWING RULES MANDATING COAL SALES TO LOCAL BUYERS: OFFICIAL - REUTERS
Indonesia is reviewing rules that require coal miners to sell a portion of their coal to local buyers, a government official said on Monday, as sup ...
Monday, 02 December 19
COAL PRODUCTION IN INDIA UP BY 164.58 MT IN 5 YEARS - BUSINESS LINE
Raw coal production in the country has increased from 567.77 million tons (MT) in 2013-14 to 730.35 MT in 2018-19, Union Coal and Parliamentary Aff ...
Monday, 02 December 19
OPEC PREPS FOR OIL'S 2020 BALANCING ACT - WOOD MACKENZIE
What steps should OPEC and its non-OPEC partners take to keep the market in balance in 2020? Ahead of OPEC’s meeting in Vienna on 5 and 6 Dec ...
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- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- PTC India Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Planning Commission, India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
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