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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 02 December 19
GREENER LNG IS VITAL TO ASIA'S SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - WOOD MACKENZIE
Asia struggles with the world’s worst air pollution. Delhi hit the headlines in November 2019 as levels spiked to such hazardous levels that ...
Monday, 02 December 19
5TH EAST & SOUTHERN AFRICA GAS & LNG CONFERENCE 2020
5th East & Southern Africa Gas & LNG Conference 2020
April 2-3
Maputo, Mozambique
5th East & Southern Afri ...
Monday, 02 December 19
5TH DEEPWATER EAST & SOUTHERN AFRICA CONGRESS 2020
5th Deepwater East & Southern Africa Congress 2020
April 2-3
Maputo, Mozambique
5th Deepwater East & Southern ...
Sunday, 01 December 19
6TH CENTRAL & EASTERN EUROPE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY CONGRESS 2020
6th Central & Eastern Europe Nuclear Industry Congress 2020
January 20-21 | Prague, Czech Republic
Overview
6th ...
Saturday, 30 November 19
IMO2020 GLOBAL SULPHUR CUT: GERMAN SHIPPING TO USE NEW TYPE OF FUEL VDR SURVEY
IMO2020 Global sulphur cut: German shipping to use new type of fuel VDR survey: Technical issues and costs are the biggest challenges - VDR
&nb ...
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- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- The University of Queensland
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- MS Steel International - UAE
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Planning Commission, India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- PTC India Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
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