We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Monday, 02 December 19
GREENER LNG IS VITAL TO ASIA'S SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - WOOD MACKENZIE
Asia struggles with the world’s worst air pollution. Delhi hit the headlines in November 2019 as levels spiked to such hazardous levels that ...
Monday, 02 December 19
5TH EAST & SOUTHERN AFRICA GAS & LNG CONFERENCE 2020
5th East & Southern Africa Gas & LNG Conference 2020
April 2-3
Maputo, Mozambique
5th East & Southern Afri ...
Monday, 02 December 19
5TH DEEPWATER EAST & SOUTHERN AFRICA CONGRESS 2020
5th Deepwater East & Southern Africa Congress 2020
April 2-3
Maputo, Mozambique
5th Deepwater East & Southern ...
Sunday, 01 December 19
6TH CENTRAL & EASTERN EUROPE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY CONGRESS 2020
6th Central & Eastern Europe Nuclear Industry Congress 2020
January 20-21 | Prague, Czech Republic
Overview
6th ...
Saturday, 30 November 19
IMO2020 GLOBAL SULPHUR CUT: GERMAN SHIPPING TO USE NEW TYPE OF FUEL VDR SURVEY
IMO2020 Global sulphur cut: German shipping to use new type of fuel VDR survey: Technical issues and costs are the biggest challenges - VDR
&nb ...
|
|
|
Showing 1261 to 1265 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Australian Coal Association
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Planning Commission, India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Central Electricity Authority - India
|
| |
| |
|
