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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 30 November 19
PANAMAX: LEVELS IMPROVED IN THE PACIFIC MARKET TOO WITH $11,000 BEING CONCLUDED ON AN 81,000DWT SHIP FOR AN INDONESIA TO CHINA COAL TRIP - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The market has been well supported over the past week, led primarily by the Atlantic Basin. After bottoming last week, sentiment was s ...
Friday, 29 November 19
FITCHRATINGS MAINTAINS NEGATIVE 2020 OUTLOOK ON SHIPPING, AS TIGHTER SUPPLY HELPS, BUT SOFTER DEMAND DRAGS
Fitch’s Sector Outlook: Negative
We maintain a negative sector outlook for global shipping because of the forecast slowdown of ...
Friday, 29 November 19
INDONESIA PRODUCES 390 MLN TONNES OF COAL IN JAN-SEPT: MINISTER - REUTERS
Indonesia’s production of coal for the January-September period was 390 million tonnes, Energy and Mineral Resources Minister Arifin Tasrif s ...
Wednesday, 27 November 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As the end of the fourth quarter is approaching, one could say that the wet market has maintained the strong pace observed during the third qu ...
Tuesday, 26 November 19
PREPARATIONS INTENSIFY AS 1 JANUARY 2020 GLOBAL CUT IN SULPHUR IN SHIP'S FUEL OIL LOOMS: IMO
“IMO 2020” requirements for ships to cut sulphur oxide emissions enter into effect in just over one month’s time. This will signi ...
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- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PTC India Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Planning Commission, India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Australian Coal Association
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- The University of Queensland
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
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