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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 07 December 19
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE DROPS SLIGHTLY - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price dropped slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge ...
Saturday, 07 December 19
SOUTH AFRICAN COAL PRICE SURGE, WHILE OTHERS LANGUISH, IS TROUBLING - REUTERS
Coal prices around the world are gently sliding as demand from top importers such as China, India and even Europe remains subdued amid a so far mil ...
Saturday, 07 December 19
SUPRAMAX: OVERALL, THE BALTIC SUPRAMAX INDEX REMAINED IN POSITIVE MODE, DESPITE SOME AREAS LACKING FRESH ACTIVITY - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
This week the Capesize market maintained healthy earnings, as an end of year surge took the Capesize 5TC back up to $25,202 by mid-wee ...
Friday, 06 December 19
INDONESIA COAL BENCHMARK PRICE FOR DECEMBER INCREASES BY US 3 CENTS MOM
COALspot.com: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia has revised up the benchmark price of Indonesian thermal co ...
Thursday, 05 December 19
IMO 2020 IS ABOUT TO GET REAL - GAVIN THOMPSON
As I write this edition of the APAC Energy Buzz from my desk in Singapore I can see ships. Lots of ships. No surprise given that Singapore is among ...
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- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Planning Commission, India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- PTC India Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Australian Coal Association
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- The University of Queensland
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
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