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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 07 December 19
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE DROPS SLIGHTLY - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price dropped slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge ...
Saturday, 07 December 19
SOUTH AFRICAN COAL PRICE SURGE, WHILE OTHERS LANGUISH, IS TROUBLING - REUTERS
Coal prices around the world are gently sliding as demand from top importers such as China, India and even Europe remains subdued amid a so far mil ...
Saturday, 07 December 19
SUPRAMAX: OVERALL, THE BALTIC SUPRAMAX INDEX REMAINED IN POSITIVE MODE, DESPITE SOME AREAS LACKING FRESH ACTIVITY - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
This week the Capesize market maintained healthy earnings, as an end of year surge took the Capesize 5TC back up to $25,202 by mid-wee ...
Friday, 06 December 19
INDONESIA COAL BENCHMARK PRICE FOR DECEMBER INCREASES BY US 3 CENTS MOM
COALspot.com: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia has revised up the benchmark price of Indonesian thermal co ...
Thursday, 05 December 19
IMO 2020 IS ABOUT TO GET REAL - GAVIN THOMPSON
As I write this edition of the APAC Energy Buzz from my desk in Singapore I can see ships. Lots of ships. No surprise given that Singapore is among ...
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- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
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