We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Tuesday, 17 December 19
AUSTRALIA ENERGY MARKET OPERATOR TURNS SCROOGE ON COAL LOBBY: RUSSELL
Australia, which vies with Indonesia for the title of the world’s largest coal exporter, is planning for an electricity future where use of t ...
Tuesday, 17 December 19
BACK TO FUTURE FOR BUSH AS AUSTRALIA CONSIDERS MOVING AWAY FROM COAL NEWCASTLE - HERALD
Looking backwards could show the way forward for regional communities planning for a future beyond mining.
One of Australia’s ...
Tuesday, 17 December 19
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX DOWN 0.01 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 133.16 points, down 0.01 percent week on week.
The index, released by China Taiy ...
Tuesday, 17 December 19
YEAR 2019: IT IS LOOKING SET THAT THIS YEAR WILL BE ONE OF THE SLOWEST IN TERMS OF DRY BULK NEWBUILDING ACTIVITY - ALLIED
With just two weeks remaining before 2019 comes to an end, it is now looking set that this year will be one of the slowest in terms of dry bulk new ...
Monday, 16 December 19
ULTRAMAX: A 63,000DWT SHIP FIXING DELIVERY FOR A SINGAPORE TRIP VIA INDONESIA, FOR RE-DELIVERY TO CHINA AT $11,000 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
It was one-way traffic for the Capesize market this past week, with all routes giving up value. While downward momentum may have slowe ...
|
|
|
Showing 1241 to 1245 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- The University of Queensland
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- MS Steel International - UAE
|
| |
| |
|
