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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Sunday, 22 December 19
NMDC DIVERSIFIES INTO COAL MINING - THE HINDU
Iron ore mining major NMDC has been allocated two coal blocks in Jharkhand for commercial mining by the Union Ministry of Coal.
Both ...
Sunday, 22 December 19
TRADING PLACES FOR 2020 - BALTIC EXCHANGE
In the sea of 2020 predictions, Saxo Bank’s Outrageous Predictions sail their own very unique course. For nearly 20 years the Danish investme ...
Saturday, 21 December 19
SUPRAMAX: A 63,000 DWT VESSEL, OPEN CIGADING, FIXED A TRIP VIA INDONESIA, REDELIVERY WEST COAST INDIA, AT $8,500 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The Capesize market this past week has been attempting to recalibrate itself in consideration of weakening freight levels and increasi ...
Saturday, 21 December 19
SHIPPING'S SUPPLY AND DEMAND TRENDING OFF BALANCE - BIMCO
One of the most worrying trends that has developed recently – which will affect shipping demand in the years to come – is the falling t ...
Friday, 20 December 19
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE REMAINS FLAT - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price remained flat during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
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- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- The University of Queensland
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
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