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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 19 December 19
COAL POWER GENERATION CONTINUES TO DECLINE IN GERMANY: DESTATIS, XINHUA REPORTED
The volume of electricity generated in coal-fired power plants in Germany decreased “markedly” by 37 percent to 34 billion kilowatt-hou ...
Thursday, 19 December 19
BANGLADESH'S NBR CUTS VAT ON COAL IMPORT FOR POWER PLANTS - THE DAILY STAR
The National Board of Revenue (NBR) reduced value added tax on the import of coal for power plants to 5 percent from present 15 percent for five ye ...
Wednesday, 18 December 19
AVERAGE PRICES OF COAL IN 2018 WERE MORE THAN 60% HIGHER THAN IN 2016 - IEA
Coal use grew again in 2018.
Global coal demand increased by 1.1%, continuing the rebound that began in 2017 after three years of decline ...
Wednesday, 18 December 19
ASIA IS SET TO SUPPORT GLOBAL COAL DEMAND FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS - IEA
Press Release: Global coal demand is expected to decline in 2019 but remain broadly stable over the next five years, supported by robust growth in ...
Wednesday, 18 December 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As we all know very well by now, the reduction in the maximum allowable sulphur content of marine fuels in 2020 is likely to have a massive impact ...
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Showing 1236 to 1240 news of total 6871 |
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- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Planning Commission, India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Australian Coal Association
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
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