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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 19 December 19
COAL POWER GENERATION CONTINUES TO DECLINE IN GERMANY: DESTATIS, XINHUA REPORTED
The volume of electricity generated in coal-fired power plants in Germany decreased “markedly” by 37 percent to 34 billion kilowatt-hou ...
Thursday, 19 December 19
BANGLADESH'S NBR CUTS VAT ON COAL IMPORT FOR POWER PLANTS - THE DAILY STAR
The National Board of Revenue (NBR) reduced value added tax on the import of coal for power plants to 5 percent from present 15 percent for five ye ...
Wednesday, 18 December 19
AVERAGE PRICES OF COAL IN 2018 WERE MORE THAN 60% HIGHER THAN IN 2016 - IEA
Coal use grew again in 2018.
Global coal demand increased by 1.1%, continuing the rebound that began in 2017 after three years of decline ...
Wednesday, 18 December 19
ASIA IS SET TO SUPPORT GLOBAL COAL DEMAND FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS - IEA
Press Release: Global coal demand is expected to decline in 2019 but remain broadly stable over the next five years, supported by robust growth in ...
Wednesday, 18 December 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As we all know very well by now, the reduction in the maximum allowable sulphur content of marine fuels in 2020 is likely to have a massive impact ...
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- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
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