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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 19 December 19
COAL POWER GENERATION CONTINUES TO DECLINE IN GERMANY: DESTATIS, XINHUA REPORTED
The volume of electricity generated in coal-fired power plants in Germany decreased “markedly” by 37 percent to 34 billion kilowatt-hou ...
Thursday, 19 December 19
BANGLADESH'S NBR CUTS VAT ON COAL IMPORT FOR POWER PLANTS - THE DAILY STAR
The National Board of Revenue (NBR) reduced value added tax on the import of coal for power plants to 5 percent from present 15 percent for five ye ...
Wednesday, 18 December 19
AVERAGE PRICES OF COAL IN 2018 WERE MORE THAN 60% HIGHER THAN IN 2016 - IEA
Coal use grew again in 2018.
Global coal demand increased by 1.1%, continuing the rebound that began in 2017 after three years of decline ...
Wednesday, 18 December 19
ASIA IS SET TO SUPPORT GLOBAL COAL DEMAND FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS - IEA
Press Release: Global coal demand is expected to decline in 2019 but remain broadly stable over the next five years, supported by robust growth in ...
Wednesday, 18 December 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As we all know very well by now, the reduction in the maximum allowable sulphur content of marine fuels in 2020 is likely to have a massive impact ...
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- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- White Energy Company Limited
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Australian Coal Association
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
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