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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 16 December 19
THE OUTLOOK FOR U.S. THERMAL COAL IS INCREASINGLY STRESSED - MOODY'S
- Slowing global economic growth, trade tensions will continue to exert influence
- Coal's secular decline will persist in 2020
...
Thursday, 12 December 19
KOWEPO INVITING BIDS FOR 2.28 MILLION TONS OF MIN.4,400 NCV COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea Western Power Co., Ltd. (KOWEPO) has issued an international tender for total 2,280,000 tons of (Sub) Bitum ...
Wednesday, 11 December 19
PANAMAX: THE MARKET REMAINED FIRM IN THE PACIFIC, WITH INCREASED ACTIVITY NOTED IN KEY AREAS, SUCH AS INDONESIA - ALLIED
Capesize – Positive momentum was resumed this past week, with earnings mak-ing some gains once again. This rising pattern was reflected in th ...
Tuesday, 10 December 19
PREPARATIONS INTENSIFY AS IMO 2020 GLOBAL SULPHUR CAP LOOMS - STANDARD CLUB
With less than a month to go for the impending IMO 2020 global sulphur cap, the club has started witnessing dispute cases relating to the measureme ...
Monday, 09 December 19
KOREA SOUTHERN POWER CO LTD IS INVITING OFFERS FOR MIN 3700 NCV COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea East-West Power Co. Ltd has issued an international tender for 160,000 Tons steam coal.
Acco ...
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- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- White Energy Company Limited
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Australian Coal Association
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- PTC India Limited - India
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