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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 16 December 19
THE OUTLOOK FOR U.S. THERMAL COAL IS INCREASINGLY STRESSED - MOODY'S
- Slowing global economic growth, trade tensions will continue to exert influence
- Coal's secular decline will persist in 2020
...
Thursday, 12 December 19
KOWEPO INVITING BIDS FOR 2.28 MILLION TONS OF MIN.4,400 NCV COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea Western Power Co., Ltd. (KOWEPO) has issued an international tender for total 2,280,000 tons of (Sub) Bitum ...
Wednesday, 11 December 19
PANAMAX: THE MARKET REMAINED FIRM IN THE PACIFIC, WITH INCREASED ACTIVITY NOTED IN KEY AREAS, SUCH AS INDONESIA - ALLIED
Capesize – Positive momentum was resumed this past week, with earnings mak-ing some gains once again. This rising pattern was reflected in th ...
Tuesday, 10 December 19
PREPARATIONS INTENSIFY AS IMO 2020 GLOBAL SULPHUR CAP LOOMS - STANDARD CLUB
With less than a month to go for the impending IMO 2020 global sulphur cap, the club has started witnessing dispute cases relating to the measureme ...
Monday, 09 December 19
KOREA SOUTHERN POWER CO LTD IS INVITING OFFERS FOR MIN 3700 NCV COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea East-West Power Co. Ltd has issued an international tender for 160,000 Tons steam coal.
Acco ...
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- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Planning Commission, India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Australian Coal Association
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
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