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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 25 December 19
COVER FOR WAR AND TERRORISM RISKS, AND COVER IN RESPECT OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIO-CHEMICAL WEAPONS - 2020 POLICY YEAR: AMERICAN CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
This Circular describes the arrangements which have been made to provide special cover for war and terrorism risks, and c ...
Wednesday, 25 December 19
EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEMS (SCRUBBER) GUIDANCE - THE STANDARD CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
In a few weeks, IMO’s ‘global sulphur cap’ will take effect. The permitted levels of SOx in ship emissi ...
Wednesday, 25 December 19
INDONESIAN BUKIT ASAM TARGETS TO MINE 30 MLN T OF COAL IN 2020 - REUTERS
Indonesian state-owned coal miner PT Bukit Asam targets to produce around 30 million tonnes of coal in 2020, compared with an estimate of 28.5 mill ...
Wednesday, 25 December 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As another year in the shipping industry is coming to an end, it is interesting to look at the dry bulk and tanker markets and how these performed ...
Monday, 23 December 19
VLSFO PRICING & AVAILABILITY NEEDS CAREFUL WATCHING - INTEGR8 FUELS
As we approach January 1st 2020 , the VLSFO price premium to HSFO has widened considerably
We are clearly well into the IMO 2020 transition; ch ...
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Showing 1226 to 1230 news of total 6871 |
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- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- The University of Queensland
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Australian Coal Association
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
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