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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 25 December 19
COVER FOR WAR AND TERRORISM RISKS, AND COVER IN RESPECT OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIO-CHEMICAL WEAPONS - 2020 POLICY YEAR: AMERICAN CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
This Circular describes the arrangements which have been made to provide special cover for war and terrorism risks, and c ...
Wednesday, 25 December 19
EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEMS (SCRUBBER) GUIDANCE - THE STANDARD CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
In a few weeks, IMO’s ‘global sulphur cap’ will take effect. The permitted levels of SOx in ship emissi ...
Wednesday, 25 December 19
INDONESIAN BUKIT ASAM TARGETS TO MINE 30 MLN T OF COAL IN 2020 - REUTERS
Indonesian state-owned coal miner PT Bukit Asam targets to produce around 30 million tonnes of coal in 2020, compared with an estimate of 28.5 mill ...
Wednesday, 25 December 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As another year in the shipping industry is coming to an end, it is interesting to look at the dry bulk and tanker markets and how these performed ...
Monday, 23 December 19
VLSFO PRICING & AVAILABILITY NEEDS CAREFUL WATCHING - INTEGR8 FUELS
As we approach January 1st 2020 , the VLSFO price premium to HSFO has widened considerably
We are clearly well into the IMO 2020 transition; ch ...
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Showing 1226 to 1230 news of total 6871 |
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- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- PTC India Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
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