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Wednesday, 11 April 18
US-CHINA TARIFF THREATS RAISE GLOBAL TRADE RISKS - FITCH
 Escalating tariff proposals by the U.S. and Chinese governments are increasing the risks of a full-blown trade war, says Fitch Ratings. The most likely outcome remains a negotiated solution to U.S.-China trade tensions that has limited effect on the near-term growth outlook in both countries and leaves Fitch’s base case global macroeconomic forecasts intact. However, the risk of a more material impact is growing.
Tariff proposals by the U.S. and Chinese governments last week marked an escalation in protectionist rhetoric between the world’s two largest economies. China proposed levying retaliatory tariffs against $50 billion in U.S. products and U.S. President Donald Trump stated that he was considering additional tariffs on a further $100 billion in Chinese goods to the $50 billion he had initially proposed on March 22.
China is reported to have signaled that it would respond further to such action. Whether this would come in the form of retaliatory tariffs non-tariff protectionist measures or a combination remains to be seen. The U.S. exported $187 billion in goods and services to China in 2017, according to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. By means of illustration, $150 billion in exports is equivalent to 0.8% of U.S. GDP and 1.3% of China’s GDP. The direct impact of tariffs of 25% on trade flows of this size would be 0.2% of U.S. GDP and 0.3% of China’s.
The potential for trade protectionism to negatively affect the U.S. and China’s growth outlook is rising with every incremental escalation in tariff rhetoric, which could lead to a full-blown trade war. Fitch outlined the potential risks of a global trade war instigated by hypothetical across-the-board U.S. tariffs imposed against key trading partners in a scenario report published last year.
We maintain that this would be an extreme scenario, but the implications of such a wide-ranging tariff war would be significant. Both the U.S. and China would see GDP reduced by over two percentage points from the base line after two years with China being more affected. Other major economies including the Eurozone, Japan and the UK would see lesser negative effects but still see growth deceleration.
Market reaction to rising uncertainty could pose macroeconomic risks even before the tariffs’ actual implementation. A significant Chinese yuan depreciation, for example, would likely cause a shock to global markets and potentially affect investment and global trade flows.
For now, the specific proposals of $50 billion of tariffs from both countries are targeted as opposed to across-the-board and small relative to the overall size of their respective economies. Should they be implemented as proposed, we believe that the direct macroeconomic effects on trade, growth and confidence, both globally and for the U.S. and China, would be limited. We continue to forecast for U.S. GDP growth to accelerate this year to 2.7%, with the short-term economic outlook improving alongside loose fiscal policy, wage growth and improved investment. Individual sectors could be affected by the implementation of targeted tariffs though, even if the overall macroeconomic outlook is broadly unchanged.
Importantly, no U.S.-China tariffs have been implemented yet. The U.S.’ initially proposed $50 billion in tariffs are subject to a consultation process so the earliest tariffs are likely to come into effect are the end of May or early June. As such, the tariff proposals may well be part of diplomatic positioning for negotiations and may never come into effect should a mutually agreeable deal be reached that addresses U.S. concerns over the bilateral economic relationship.
Source: Fitch Ratings
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Thursday, 25 January 24
THE RED SEA ESCALATION IMPLICATIONS ON GLOBAL SEABORNE TRADE - MARIA BERTZELETOU
In recent days, discussions have intensified about the potential impact on the seaborne trade and ton-miles due to the evolving dynamics of market ...
Thursday, 25 January 24
RED SEA SHIPPING DISRUPTIONS KEEP GEOPOLITICAL PREMIUM FOR COMMODITIES - FITCH RATINGS
Shipping disruptions and re-routing away from the Red Sea will maintain the geopolitical premium in the main commodity markets, including for oil a ...
Friday, 19 January 24
INDONESIA TARGETS 710 MLN METRIC TONS COAL OUTPUT IN 2024 AFTER RECORD 2023 - REUTERS
Indonesia, a major thermal coal exporter, aims to produce 710 million metric tons of coal in 2024, its mining minister said on Monday, after postin ...
Friday, 19 January 24
DRUMMOND COLOMBIA COAL OUTPUT ROSE 7.1% IN 2023 - REUTERS
Coal production from miner Drummond’s Colombia operations rose 7.1% in 2023 to 29.5 million metric tons, while exports declined by 2.6% to 27 ...
Friday, 19 January 24
CHINA'S 2023 COAL OUTPUT HITS RECORD HIGH - REUTERS
China’s coal output reached a record high in 2023, data from the statistics bureau showed on Wednesday, amid an ongoing focus on energy secur ...
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- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- White Energy Company Limited
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Australian Coal Association
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
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