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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 23 August 17
THE STRONG IRON ORE TRADE ROUTES SUPPORT CAPESIZE SEGMENT - INTERMODAL
The upward trend in the Capesize segment is definitely being supported by the strong momentum in the key iron ore trade routes. The price of high-q ...
Tuesday, 22 August 17
WHAT IS A RELEASE CALL?
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Joining a mutual P&I Club means each Member shares in the fortunes of that Club and its membership. The continuity of ...
Tuesday, 22 August 17
THOSE DOG DAYS OF SUMMER STEEL PRODUCTION IN CHINA - COMMODORE
COALspot.com: One popular but inaccurate narrative that makes the rounds every June and July (and occurred again this year) is that China’s s ...
Monday, 21 August 17
BANPU REVEALS FIRST HALF 2017 WITH STRONG RESULTS; SUPPORTED BY HIGHER COAL PRICES
Banpu Reveals First Half 2017 with Strong Results from Higher Coal Prices Gearing Up to the Era of New Energy with Banpu Greener & Smarter Stra ...
Monday, 21 August 17
INDIA'S COAL IMPORTS DECLINE TO 192 MT IN FY17 - PTI
Import of coal saw a decline of 6.37 per cent to 191.95 million tonnes (MT) in 2016-17 on higher production by CIL that saw the country move to a r ...
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Showing 1961 to 1965 news of total 6871 |
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- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Planning Commission, India
- The University of Queensland
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- White Energy Company Limited
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- PTC India Limited - India
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