We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Friday, 01 September 17
U.S COAL OUTPUT DIPS WEEK OVER WEEK, SAYS EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totalled an estimated 16.7 million short ton ...
Thursday, 31 August 17
SUPRAMAX: INDO TO CHINA COAL TRIPS AT AROUND $9000, DELIVERY THAILAND - FEARNLEYS
Supramax
A bit slow start to the week with UK holidays on Monday. Still strong rates for cargoes out of Black Sea, where front hauls where done $ ...
Tuesday, 29 August 17
WEEKLY SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - ALLIED
In the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey, one of the worst disasters to hit Texas, we are now looking to get a clearer picture of the possible disrupti ...
Tuesday, 29 August 17
U.S WEEKLY COAL OUT UP 3.4% WEEK OVER WEEK TO APPROX. 17 MMST, SAYS EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totalled an estimated 17 million short tonne ...
Thursday, 24 August 17
SUPRAMAX: LOW $10K FOR INDO COAL TRIPS TO INDIA; AROUND $10K FOR INDO TO CHINA TRIPS - FEARNLEYS
Supramax
This week Supras from the Black Sea on fhaul have seen numerous orders and improving rates.
53-57k dwt vessels have been fixed at e ...
|
|
|
Showing 1956 to 1960 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Australian Coal Association
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- White Energy Company Limited
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Planning Commission, India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
|
| |
| |
|
