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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Monday, 21 August 17
FIRM DEMAND FOR CAPES CONTINUE TO SUPPORT DRY BULK SHIPPING
COALspot.com: The freight market was continued to rose this past week compared to the previous weeks, as BDI, Cape and Panamax indexes show a posit ...
Friday, 18 August 17
U.S. WEEKLY COAL OUTPUT UP 2.1% WEEK OVER WEEK, SAYS EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totalled an estimated 16.5 million short ton ...
Thursday, 17 August 17
DESPITE A HOLIDAY-DISRUPTED WEEK IT HAS BEEN A NEW ACTIVE WEEK FOR THE PANAMAXES - FEARNLEYS
Supramax
A very quiet start to the week with holidays in several countries. USG still bringing good results supported by a tight tonnage availabl ...
Monday, 14 August 17
CENTURIES ON, AND DRY BULK STILL RULES THE WAVES... - SARAH HOLDEN | CLARKSONS
By the late 1800s, the shipping industry had been transformed by the introduction of steam power and iron ships. Coal and grain were two of the mos ...
Monday, 14 August 17
THE FREIGHT MARKET CONTINUES ON AN UPWARD PATH
COALspot.com: The freight market was continued to rose this past week compared to the previous week, as BDI, Cape and Panamax indexes show a positi ...
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Showing 1966 to 1970 news of total 6871 |
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- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Australian Coal Association
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Planning Commission, India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- The University of Queensland
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Aditya Birla Group - India
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