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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Monday, 14 August 17
IN A PARIS AGREEMENT WORLD, COAL WILL MEET GROWING ASIAN ENERGY NEEDS - BENJAMIN SPORTON
When providing 41% of the world’s electricity, 85% of global cement, 74% of the world’s steel and 60% of the world’s aluminum, co ...
Friday, 11 August 17
KOMIPO INVITES COAL BIDS FOR BORYEONG POWER PLANT
COALspot.com: South Korea state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued an another new tender for total 1,280,000 Metric Tons of Bitumino ...
Friday, 11 August 17
U.S WEEKLY COAL OUTPUT ALMOST FLAT WEEK OVER WEEK, EIA SAYS
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totaled an estimated 16.1 million short tonn ...
Thursday, 10 August 17
GLOBAL COAL PRODUCTION FELL SIGNIFICANTLY IN 2016 - IEA
COALspot.com: Global coal production fell significantly in 2016, while global trade in natural gas was up. These are two of the key messages in Wor ...
Thursday, 10 August 17
ANOTHER ACTIVE WEEK FOR THE PANAMAXES WITH INCREASING RATES IN BOTH HEMISPHERES - FEARNLEYS
Supramax
Both basins have remained fairly flat, could say slightly to the negative. A quiet start of the week in the Pacific with holidays in Sin ...
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Showing 1971 to 1975 news of total 6871 |
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- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- PTC India Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Planning Commission, India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Australian Coal Association
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
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