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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Thursday, 14 September 17
KOMIPO INVITED BIDS FOR 5700 NAR BITUMINOUS COAL FOR BORYEONG POWER PLANT; 390K MT FOR NOV LOADING
COALspot.com: South Korea state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued an another new tender for 390,000 Metric Tons of Bituminous coal ...
Wednesday, 13 September 17
U.S. COAL EXPORTS FOR THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF 2017 WERE 55% HIGHER COMPARED TO THE SAME PERIOD IN 2016 - EIA
COALspot.com: EIA expects the share of U.S. total utility-scale electricity generation from natural gas to fall from an average of 34% in 2016 to a ...
Wednesday, 13 September 17
SOME THOUGHTS ON NORTH KOREA, US & CHINA - THEODORE NTALAKOS
The trade volume between North Korea and China is more than $5 billion per year. 83% of North Korea's exports end up in China; similarly, about ...
Tuesday, 12 September 17
NEWCASTLE FOB PRICES ROSE STRONGLY AND ARE NOW THREATENING TO BREAK THROUGH US$100/T - DANIEL HYNES
COALspot.com: The rise in crude oil market supported further gains in thermal coal, says Daniel Hynes Senior Commodity Strategist at ANZ.
Acco ...
Tuesday, 12 September 17
KOMIPO TO IMPORT 2.5 MILLION TONS OF 5700 NAR COAL FOR 5 YEARS
COALspot.com: South Korea state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued an another new tender for total 500,000 Metric Tons of Bituminous ...
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Showing 1941 to 1945 news of total 6871 |
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- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
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