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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 26 September 17
REDUCING THE RISK OF LIQUEFACTION - IUMI
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Liquefaction is a phenomenon that can take place in granular materials, such as soil or fine ore, where the beh ...
Tuesday, 26 September 17
THE CURRENT HIGHS IN THE DRY BULK FREIGHT MARKET WILL SURELY BE SURPASSED AND BY A CONSIDERABLE MARGIN IN THE NEXT YEAR OR SO - GEORGE LAZARIDIS
The Dry Bulk market con!nues to show a strong face amidst the favorable tail winds being seen, which have helped the Bal!c Dry Index inch above the ...
Monday, 25 September 17
CHOICES FOR SHIPPING AS 2020 APPROACHES? - CLARKSONS
Historically, the fuel of choice for the vast majority of large cargo ships has been heavy fuel oil. But in 2020, sulphur oxide emissions will be c ...
Monday, 25 September 17
THE FREIGHT MARKET ROSE IN ALL SEGMENTS EXCEPT PANAMAX WEEK OVER WEEK
COALspot.com: The freight market rose in all segments except Panamax week over week. Mainly Cape has supported to boosted up BDI this past week, BD ...
Monday, 25 September 17
U.S WEEKLY COAL OUTPUT DROPS FOR THE FOURTH WEEK IN A ROW, EIA DATA SHOWS
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totalled an estimated 15.5 million short ton ...
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Showing 1931 to 1935 news of total 6871 |
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- VISA Power Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- The University of Queensland
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
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