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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 03 October 17
ALLIED MARKET ANALYSIS
It seems as though the future of the oil trade was once again put into the spotlight, as the Asia Pacific Petroleum Conference took place last week ...
Friday, 29 September 17
U.S WEEKLY COAL OUTPUT DROPS FOR THE FIFTH WEEK IN A ROW, EIA DATA SHOWS
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totalled an estimated 14.7 million short ...
Thursday, 28 September 17
SUPRAMAX: S.CHINA TRIP TO INDIA HAS BEEN FIXED AT AROUND US$ 11000 - FEARNLEYS
Supramax
The hot market seen the last weeks in the Pacific has softened as the Golden week holiday in China approaches and the October shipments ...
Thursday, 28 September 17
THE 'UNREASONABLE' COST OF CASUALTY REPAIRS: ASSOCIATION OF AVERAGE ADJUSTERS CHAIRMAN DETAILS CLAIMS DILEMMAS
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The ‘unreasonable’ cost of casualty repairs: Association of Average Adjusters chairman details claims dilemma ...
Thursday, 28 September 17
CHINESE GOVERNMENT TO CANCEL DOMESTIC IRON ORE MINING RIGHTS - JEFFREY LANDSBERG
It has been reported that China will cancel roughly one third of its iron ore mining licenses, says Commodore Research & Consultancy in its lat ...
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Showing 1926 to 1930 news of total 6871 |
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- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Planning Commission, India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- The University of Queensland
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
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