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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Monday, 09 October 17
INDIA'S COAL IMPORTS UP 10% IN SEPT AS POWER PLANTS FACE FUEL SHORTAGE - PTI
Coal imports rose by 9.5 per cent to 18.33 million tonnes (MT) in September, after having registered year-on-year decline for five months in a row, ...
Friday, 06 October 17
U.S. WEEKLY COAL OUTPUT HAS REBOUNDED AFTER DECLINING 5 WEEKS IN A ROW
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totaled an estimated 15.3 million short tons ...
Wednesday, 04 October 17
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - GEORGE ILIOPOULOS
During the past couple of months the dry bulk market has displayed particularly strong momentum and we have been witnessing steady appetite and act ...
Tuesday, 03 October 17
VIETNAM'S COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER DEPENDENT ON CHINA - VIETNAMNET BRIDGE
A report from the Green Innovation and Development Centre (GreenID) showed that, as of the end of last year, of 27 coal-fired thermopower plants, 1 ...
Tuesday, 03 October 17
RIO TINTO COMPLETES FIRST FULLY AUTONOMOUS RAIL JOURNEY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Rio Tinto has successfully completed the first fully autonomous rail journey at its iron ore operations in the Pilbara region of Western Australia ...
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Showing 1921 to 1925 news of total 6871 |
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- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- The University of Queensland
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- PTC India Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
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