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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 17 October 17
U.S RECORD EXPORTS OIL TO EAST HAS HELPED THE TANKER TRADE - GEORGE LAZARIDIS
There was a flood of fresh news this week which clouded the overall prospects of the crude oil market. Just one week prior Saudi Arabia and Russia, ...
Monday, 16 October 17
INDONESIA TO INDIA COAL FREIGHT RATES STAY FIRM
COALspot.com: The daily average earnings for Supramax, for the route Indonesia to India passing through Singapore has stayed firm, week over week, ...
Friday, 13 October 17
INDIKA ENERGY SIGNS SHARE PURCHASE AGREEMENTS FOR AN ADDITIONAL 45% STAKE IN KIDECO
PT Indika Energy Tbk. and its wholly-owned subsidiary PT Indika Inti Corpindo (collectively, “Indika Energy”) has entered into separate ...
Friday, 13 October 17
THE SHORT-TERM OUTLOOK FOR THE PANAMAX MARKET REMAIN POSITIVE - FEARNLEYS
Supramax
The market has picked up strongly since last week with the Chinese holidays. In the Pacific rates are increasing with some strong number ...
Friday, 13 October 17
U.S. COAL EXPORTS FOR THE FIRST SEVEN MONTHS OF 2017 TOTALED 51 MMST; UP 62% YOY, EIA DATA SHOWS
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totaled an estimated 15.2 million shor ...
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Showing 1911 to 1915 news of total 6871 |
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- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Minerals Council of Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- PTC India Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- MS Steel International - UAE
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
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