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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 25 October 17
SHIPPING MARKET REPORT - INTERMODAL
While the majority of perspective Buyers in the dry bulk second-hand market is currently focusing on modern tonnage, there is also increased activi ...
Tuesday, 24 October 17
KOMIPO INVITED BIDS FOR MIN. 4600 NAR BLENDED SUB-BITUMINOUS COAL OF INDONESIAN ORIGIN FOR BORYEONG OR NEW BORYEONG POWER PLANT
COALspot.com: South Korea state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued an another new tender for 5,000,000 Metric Tons of blended sub-bi ...
Tuesday, 24 October 17
CHINA'S INSATIABLE APPETITE FOR THIS ENERGY COMMODITY CONTINUES STRONG - GEORGE LAZARIDIS
Crude oil prices have been seeing some support emerge this past week as supply disruptions in Iraq and a drop in US drilling has helped bolster oil ...
Friday, 20 October 17
U.S COAL PRODUCTION FELL 1.45 PER CENT WEEK OVER WEEK - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totalled an estimated 14.9 million short ton ...
Tuesday, 17 October 17
SULPHUR 2020: COMING, READY OR NOT - ALIBRA SHIPPING
Some 70% of shipping companies surveyed say they do not believe the industry is ready for IMO’s 2020 deadline, when a global limit of 0.5% su ...
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Showing 1906 to 1910 news of total 6871 |
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- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- The University of Queensland
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Planning Commission, India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- PTC India Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- VISA Power Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
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