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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Friday, 27 October 17
U.S WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION FLAT WEEK OVER WEEK - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totaled an estimated 14.9 million short tons ...
Thursday, 26 October 17
CYBER COVER FOR E-BILLS - PHILIP STEPHENSON
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Increasingly popular electronic bills of lading are, by their nature, susceptible to the risk of cyber attack. Here, Stan ...
Thursday, 26 October 17
INDO TO CHINA ROUNDS SUPRAS ACHIEVING AROUND HIGH $14000 - FEARNLEYS
Supramax
By mid-week the market has been relatively quiet in the Pacific basin as well, but still some healthy rates being achieved on the differ ...
Thursday, 26 October 17
STRONG SIGNAL FOR AUSTRALIAN COAL DEMAND - GREG EVANS
The International Energy Agency’s Southeast Asia Energy Outlook report, released today, presents a positive outlook for Australian coal produ ...
Wednesday, 25 October 17
COAL MARKETS REMAINED SUBDUED - DANIEL HYNES
Coal markets remained subdued.
Daniel Hynes, Senior Commodity Strategist at ANZ, Coking coal prices were unchanged amid an absence of fresh of ...
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Showing 1901 to 1905 news of total 6871 |
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- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Economic Council, Georgia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Planning Commission, India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
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