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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 07 November 17
DRY BULK SHIPPING: TAKE GOOD CARE OF THE RECOVERY SAYS PETER SAND
Demand:
Even without much support from Brazilian iron ore exports during August, capesize rates went from $10,000 to $17,000 per day. In Septembe ...
Tuesday, 07 November 17
COAL MARKETS WERE RELATIVELY BUOYANT - DANIEL HYNES
Coal markets were relatively buoyant. Metallurgical coal prices were supported by the stronger steel and iron ore prices, says Daniel Hynes, Senior ...
Tuesday, 07 November 17
PROSPERITY AND WINTER WARMTH REMAIN PARAMOUNT IN CHINA - JEFFREY LANDSBERG
Chinese officials announced recently that 580 gigawatts of coal-derived electricity generation capacity has completed ultra-low emissions reform as ...
Monday, 06 November 17
COAL SHORTAGE HURTS INDIA'S HINDALCO AND VEDANTA SAYS BUSINESS STANDARD
Aluminium smelter operations of Vedanta and Hindalco are at risk of turning unviable due to a coal crunch.
According to Business Standard an I ...
Monday, 06 November 17
MARINE BUNKER EXCHANGE EXPECTS BUNKER PRICES WILL CONTINUE UPWARD TREND NEXT WEEK
World fuel indexes rose during the week, supported by main oil producers’ statements about possible extension of oil production cut agreement ...
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Showing 1891 to 1895 news of total 6871 |
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- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The University of Queensland
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PTC India Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Australian Coal Association
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Planning Commission, India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
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