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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 14 November 17
COAL STOCKS RUN SHORT, CENTRE TO GET DAILY UPDATE ON STOCKS - DECCAN CHRONICLE
Facing a shortage of coal for thermal power generation in the country, the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) has issued guidelines for maintainin ...
Tuesday, 14 November 17
IN 2018, WORLD OIL DEMAND IS FORESEEN REACHING 1.51 MB/D - OPEC
Oil Market Highlights - OPEC
The OPEC Reference Basket averaged $55.50/b in October, gaining $2.06 over the previous month and reaching the hi ...
Monday, 13 November 17
THERMAL COAL PRICES WERE RELATIVELY UNCHANGED - DANIEL HYNES
Coal prices were broadly higher, driven by strong gains in the metallurgical coal market said Daniel Hynes, Senior Commodity Strategist at ANZ in h ...
Monday, 13 November 17
THIESS AWARDED $300M SANGATTA EXPANSION CONTRACT
Thiess has been awarded a $300 million contract by Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC) to expand operations at Sangatta coal mine in East Kalimantan, Indonesia ...
Friday, 10 November 17
U.S. COAL OUTPUT FOR THE FIRST 10 MONTHS OF 2017 IS ESTIMATED AT AROUND 656 MMST; UP10% YOY - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totalled an estimated 15 million short tons ...
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Showing 1881 to 1885 news of total 6871 |
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- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- White Energy Company Limited
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- PTC India Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- The University of Queensland
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
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