We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Thursday, 16 November 17
THE PORT OF NEWCASTLE HAS SHIPPED 14.94 PERCENT LESS COAL IN OCTOBER 2017, DATA SHOWS
COALspot.com: The Port of Newcastle, Australia’s major trading ports, and the world’s largest coal export port has shipped $AU 1,466.8 ...
Thursday, 16 November 17
GOVERNMENT, 13 COAL MINERS AGREE TO CHANGE CONTRACTS - JP
The government and 13 coal mining companies have agreed to change the old Contract of Work (CoW), as part of the implementation of Law No. 4/20199 ...
Wednesday, 15 November 17
IEA RECOGNISES COAL'S CONTINUOUS IMPORTANCE TO GLOBAL ENERGY NEEDS - WCA
The World Coal Association (WCA) has welcomed the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) recognition that coal will continue to play a vital rol ...
Wednesday, 15 November 17
THERMAL COAL WAS DRAGGED DOWN BY THE WEAKNESS ACROSS THE WIDER ENERGY SECTOR - DANIEL HYNES
The coal market was mixed.
Thermal coal was dragged down by the weakness across the wider energy sector, said Daniel Hynes Senior Commodi ...
Wednesday, 15 November 17
MARKET INSIGHT - LINOS KOGEVINAS
For another week, oil seems to be the most volatile and interesting commodity to watch. In this segment we’ll look at some of the major facto ...
|
|
|
Showing 1876 to 1880 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Australian Coal Association
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- The University of Queensland
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- PTC India Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Minerals Council of Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
|
| |
| |
|
