We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 29 November 17
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - VASILIS MOIRIS
In line with most expectations for the end of this month, during the past days the Dry Bulk market realized a significant rebound that sent the BDI ...
Tuesday, 28 November 17
THE DRY BULK MARKET HAS SHOWN A REMARKABLE RECOVERY THIS YEAR - GEORGE LAZARIDIS
The Dry Bulk market has shown a remarkable recovery this year with the average earnings having increased by around 63% this year so far compared to ...
Friday, 24 November 17
U.S. PRODUCED 14.9 MMST FOR THE WEEK ENDING NOV 18; UP 0.9% W/W - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totalled an estimated 14.9 million short ton ...
Thursday, 23 November 17
PANAMAX: ANOTHER SLOW AND UNEVENTFUL WEEK; DECREASING FREIGHT RATES IN BOTH HEMISPHERES - FEARNLEYS
Supramax
A quiet start to the week. USG closed last week a bit tighter, and continued into the new week on a positive tone with little concluded, ...
Wednesday, 22 November 17
THERMAL COAL WAS FLAT AMID CONCERNS OF FURTHER GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN CHINA, SAYS DANIEL HYNES
Coal prices were mixed. Thermal coal was flat amid concerns of further government intervention in China, said Daniel Hynes Senior Commodity Strateg ...
|
|
|
Showing 1866 to 1870 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Australian Coal Association
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- The University of Queensland
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Planning Commission, India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
|
| |
| |
|
