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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 05 December 17
THE COKING AND THERMAL COAL RECORDING SMALL GAINS - DANIEL HYNES
Coal markets were higher, with both coking and thermal coal recording small gains, said Daniel Hynes Senior Commodity Strategist at ANZ in his late ...
Tuesday, 05 December 17
WEEKLY US COAL PRODUCTION ESTIMATES DIP WEEK OVER WEEK - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totalled an estimated 14.1 million short ton ...
Thursday, 30 November 17
CONTEMPLATING COAL'S CONTROVERSY AT COP23 - BENJAMIN SPORTON
Representing the coal industry at climate talks is never going to be an easy proposition. For many people, coal and climate action are incompatible ...
Wednesday, 29 November 17
THE LAST DAYS OF COAL? - ALIBRA SHIPPING
At least 15 countries have joined an international alliance to phase out coal use for power generation before 2030.
Britain, Canada, Denmark, ...
Wednesday, 29 November 17
THERMAL COAL MARKETS WERE A LITTLE BIT MORE SUBDUED - DANIEL HYNES, ANZ
Coal prices were stronger, led by gains in coking coal. Premium hard coking coal jumped above USD200/t for the first time in two months, said Danie ...
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Showing 1861 to 1865 news of total 6871 |
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- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
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