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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 13 December 17
DEMAND FOR THERMAL COAL LOOKED RELATIVELY ROBUST - DANIEL HYNES
Coal prices were a touch higher. Demand for thermal coal looked relatively robust, after reports continued to surface that Chinese authorities have ...
Wednesday, 13 December 17
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - GEORGE PANAGOPOULOS
As another year is coming to an end and much has been already written about the positive reversal in the dry bulk market, we think it is interestin ...
Monday, 11 December 17
INDIA CONSUMERS ARE SAID TO BE DESPERATELY SEEKING CARGOES - DANIEL HYNES
Coal markets were stronger, as strong demand outside China continues to spur buying said Daniel Hynes, Senior Commodity Strategist at ANZ.
Acc ...
Monday, 11 December 17
CAPESIZE FFA MARKET LOOKING PROMISING MOVING FORWARD - FIS
Capesize
Another very promising day for the big ships as rates continued to firm in both oceans and the paper market ate into the backwardation s ...
Friday, 08 December 17
U.S. WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION UP 11.6 PER CENT WEEK OVER WEEK, EIA DATA SHOWS
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totalled an estimated 15.7 million short ton ...
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Showing 1851 to 1855 news of total 6871 |
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- PTC India Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- White Energy Company Limited
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The University of Queensland
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Planning Commission, India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
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