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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Friday, 22 December 17
COAL INDIA BOARD CLEARS THE WAY FOR SCHEME FOR HARNESSING AND ALLOCATING KOYALA (COAL) TRANSPARENTLY IN INDIA - PIB
The Coal India Limited (CIL) Board cleared the decks for signing of Fuel Supply Agreement (FSA), for supply of coal.
According to Press Inform ...
Friday, 22 December 17
WILL THE DRY BULK INDUSTRY BECOME PROFITABLE IN 2018? - PETER SAND, BIMCO
As the dry bulk fleet is already expected to grow at a pace that matches demand growth expected in 2019, focus must be on improving the fundamental ...
Friday, 22 December 17
ESTIMATED U.S. WEEKLY COAL OUTPUT SLIPS SLIGHTLY - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totaled an estimated 15.2 million short tons ...
Thursday, 21 December 17
COAL CONSUMPTION DROPS AS GAS AND RENEWABLES CHEW INTO TRADITIONAL MARKETS - BABS MCHUGH
"The share of coal in the global energy mix is forecast to decline from 27 per cent last year to 26 per cent in 2022"
Global demand ...
Thursday, 21 December 17
FUEL SHORTAGE TRIGGERS JUMP IN COAL PRICES - CHINA DAILY
China’s thermal coal prices jumped recently as natural gas shortages across the north spurred an unexpected resurgence in demand for coal-fir ...
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Showing 1841 to 1845 news of total 6871 |
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- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Planning Commission, India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- The University of Queensland
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
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