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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Thursday, 21 December 17
SUPRAMAX: IN THE MOST CHANCE, DO NOT EXPECT ANY DRAMATIC CHANGES IN THE NEAR FUTURE - FEARNLEYS
Supramax
Market reducing speed. Rates are dropping further for supras outbound USG on fronth, bkhaul is more stable i.e $25k/22k respectively say ...
Wednesday, 20 December 17
INDONESIAN HBA FELL FOR THE FIRST TIME IN SIX MONTHS, GOVERNMENT DATA SHOWS
COALspot.com: HBA fell 0.80 per cent in December, marking the first fall for the Indonesian Coal Price Reference ( HBA) since June 2017, the latest ...
Monday, 18 December 17
U.S. COAL EXPORTS FOR THE FIRST THREE QUARTERS OF 2017 WERE 69 MMST; UP 68% M/M - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totalled an estimated 15.5 million sho ...
Thursday, 14 December 17
SUPRAMAX: INDO COAL TO CHINA AROUND LOW $10K DELIVERY SINGAPORE
Supramax
Atlantic basin kept its firm pace with charters still busy with covering pre-holiday requirements. Ultras got close to $20k for ordinary ...
Wednesday, 13 December 17
REFINED COAL HAS MADE UP NEARLY ONE-FIFTH OF COAL-FIRED POWER GENERATION SO FAR IN 2017 - EIA
The U.S. power sector consumption of coal is increasingly shifting to refined coal, even as coal-fired electricity generation decreases. Use of ref ...
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Showing 1846 to 1850 news of total 6871 |
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- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Australian Coal Association
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- The University of Queensland
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- PTC India Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
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