We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Thursday, 04 January 18
SUPRAMAX: INDO TO CHINA WERE FIXED AT AROUND $8K DAILY; DOWN AROUND 27% WOW
Supramax
Q1 kicked off with an usual standby with all counterparts waiting for the market to take direction. Further holidays in East-Europe adde ...
Wednesday, 03 January 18
KOMIPO TO BUY 130K TONS OF MIN. 5700 NAR COAL FOR FEB 2018 LOADING
COALspot.com: South Korea state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued a tender for 130k Metric Tons of min. 5700 NAR coal to be burnt a ...
Friday, 29 December 17
PORT OF NEWCASTLE SHIPPED A$ 1.527 BILLION WORTH OF 12.65 MT OF COAL IN NOVEMBER
COALspot.com: The Port of Newcastle, Australia’s major trading ports, and the world’s largest coal export port has shipped $AU 1527.6 M ...
Friday, 29 December 17
U.S WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION SLIGHTLY UP FOR THE WEEK ENDING 23 DEC, SAYS EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totaled an estimated 15.5 million short tons ...
Wednesday, 27 December 17
SULPHUR EMISSIONS: THE OUTSTANDING CHALLENGES - UK P&I CLUB
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has been working to reduce the harmful impacts of shipping on the environment.
It adopted Annex ...
|
|
|
Showing 1836 to 1840 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Planning Commission, India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
|
| |
| |
|
