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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Friday, 19 January 18
U.S. WEEKLY COAL OUTPUT WAS 13.5 MMST FOR THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 13, EIA SAYS
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totaled an estimated 13.5 million short tons ...
Thursday, 18 January 18
WORLD TRADE IN HARD COAL RISES BY 1.5% IN 2017 - KOHLENIMPORTEURE
Press Release: World Trade in Hard Coal Rises by 1.5% in 2017. German Steam Coal Imports Plummet by 15% in 2017 – in Contrast to Other Sector ...
Wednesday, 17 January 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As we are now well into the first month of 2018, the mood across the entire offshore industry undeniably remains rather positive following the oil ...
Monday, 15 January 18
THE FREIGHT RATES ARE EXPECTED TO BE FLAT TO WEAK THIS WEEK - VISTAAR
COALspot.com: The daily average earnings for Supramax, for the route Indonesia to India passing through Singapore has stayed firm, week over week, ...
Monday, 15 January 18
QUEENSLAND SHIPPED 210.8 MT OF COAL IN 2017, DOWN 5% YOY QUEENSLAND RESOURCES COUNCIL
Queensland's coal exports over the 12 months reached 210.8 mt which is down 10 mt or 5 per cent from the previous year’s record of 220.8 ...
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Showing 1826 to 1830 news of total 6871 |
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- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- The University of Queensland
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- PTC India Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
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