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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 31 January 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - TIMOS PAPADIMITRIOU
Days before the celebrations of the Lunar New Year, the dry bulk market seems to be holding well, against negative predictions. Period numbers repo ...
Monday, 29 January 18
BALTIC INDEX GAINS ON STRONGER BIG VESSEL ACTIVITY
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities rose this past week and ending on a positive note week ov ...
Monday, 29 January 18
U.S.WEEKLY COAL OUTPUT UP 8.7% W/W - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totaled an estimated 14.6 million short tons ...
Wednesday, 24 January 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - GEORGE ILIOPOULOS
Since the beginning of the New Year we have been witnessing the BDI correcting downwards, which nonetheless seems to have no effect at ...
Tuesday, 23 January 18
OIL MARKET ANALYSIS - ALLIED
Brent oil futures hit a three year high on January 16th touching around USD 70.30 before falling back down to around USD 68.60 at the Time of this ...
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Showing 1821 to 1825 news of total 6871 |
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- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Planning Commission, India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
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