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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 06 February 18
THE FUNDAMENTALS FOR INDIAN COAL IMPORTS CONTINUE TO LOOK PROMISING - TORVALD KLAVENESS
Back in August we reported that the fundamentals impacting Indian coal imports looked more promising.
Trade flow data today implies 17.4Mt of ...
Monday, 05 February 18
SUPRAMAX : INDONESIA TO INDIA PASSING THROUGH SINGAPORE HAS SOFTENED
COALspot.com: The daily average earnings for Supramax, for the route Indonesia to India passing through Singapore has softened, week over week, own ...
Friday, 02 February 18
SUPRAMAX : INDONESIA TO CHINA COAL TRIPS ARE PAYING AROUND MID USD 9000 - FEARNLEYS
Supramax
Rather quiet week within Atl, specially Continent due to lack of cargoes.
According to Fearnleys Weekly - Dry bulk report published ...
Friday, 02 February 18
U.S. YEAR-TO-DATE COAL PRODUCTION TOTALED 54.1 MMST, DOWN 8.8% YOY - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totaled an estimated 15.3 million short tons ...
Thursday, 01 February 18
RISING US OIL EXPORTS, MARKET DISRUPTION, BRENT-WTI SPREAD - WOOD MACKENZIE
What will US tight oil growth do to crude markets? The build-up in volumes early this decade led to a supply glut that undermined prices in 2014.
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Showing 1816 to 1820 news of total 6871 |
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- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Australian Coal Association
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- The University of Queensland
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
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