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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 14 February 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - NASSOS SOULAKIS
The second month of the year is traditionally a particularly interesting one for the shipping industry as a whole and even more importantly for the ...
Monday, 12 February 18
PANAMAX: WITH LIMITED FRESH ENQUIRY IN ALL AREAS, SPOT MARKET RATES DRIFTED LOWER THROUGHOUT THE WEEK - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
A switch to the Atlantic with rates firming as charterers seemed keen to fix and tonnage was tight, prompting a recovery in rates. Trans ...
Monday, 12 February 18
WORLDWIDE: 'DEMURRAGE CLAIMS' FOR THE PURPOSES OF DOCUMENTARY TIME BARS
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
On 2 February 2018 the Commercial Court allowed an appeal from a decision of the Arbitration Tribunal in Lukoil Asia Paci ...
Saturday, 10 February 18
COAL INDIA ON PATH OF SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION GROWTH AND SUPPLY TO POWER AND NON POWER SECTOR - PIB
Supply of 371.8 MT of Coal to Power Sector and 103.1 MT Coal to Non-Power Sector Achieved in 2017-18 Till January,2018 Average Rake Loading To The ...
Saturday, 10 February 18
OIL PRICE USD 100/BARREL BY END OF 2018! - SAROJ MOHAPATRA
All demand supplies calculations are going wrong in oil market at present. US production is increasing at a good pace and set to topple Saudi comfo ...
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Showing 1806 to 1810 news of total 6871 |
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- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- The University of Queensland
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
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