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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Saturday, 24 February 18
CHINA BECOMES WORLD'S SECOND LARGEST LNG IMPORTER, BEHIND JAPAN - EIA
China surpassed South Korea to become the world’s second-largest importer of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in 2017, according to data from IHS ...
Friday, 23 February 18
ESTIMATED U.S. WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION UP 2.8 PER CENT W/E 17 FEB' 18 - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totaled an estimated 15.6 million short tons ...
Thursday, 22 February 18
WHY THE COMMODITY RALLY WILL GET BACK ON TRACK - SIMON FLOWERS
Implications for the US dollar and producers
Are we in the early stages of a sustained rise in commodity prices? And what does it mean for the ...
Thursday, 22 February 18
PANAMAX: IT HAS BEEN A SLOW AND UNEVENTFUL WEEK - FEARNLEYS
Supramax
Slight improvement from Atlantic with more hope for upcoming weeks. More grain cargoes from Black Sea made fhaul rates better again $17- ...
Wednesday, 21 February 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - KONSTANTINOS KONTOMICHIS
2017 proved to be a relatively good year with positive margins for the Dry Bulk market. Especially during the last quarter of the year everyone can ...
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Showing 1796 to 1800 news of total 6871 |
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- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- PTC India Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
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