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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Friday, 02 March 18
MORE COAL INQUIRES FROM SOUTH AFRICA TO INDIA; SUPRAS FIXED CA $12K + BB - FEARNLEYS
Supramax
Better rates in Atlantic, but not too busy market just yet.
Black Sea catched improving rates for grain cargoes, where supras to Eg ...
Friday, 02 March 18
U.S. WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION DOWN 2.7 PER CENT W/E 24 FEB, EIA DATA SHOWS
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totaled an estimated 15.2 million short tons ...
Wednesday, 28 February 18
INDIA: TEPID COAL TRAFFIC TO HIT VOLUME GROWTH AT PORTS TILL 2022 - PTI
Cargo growth at the country’s major ports is all set to moderate to 3-5 per cent per annum over the next five years due to the “sedate ...
Wednesday, 28 February 18
MARKET INSIGHT - LINOS KOGEVINAS
US Shale production continues to grow rapidly, hitting new records and with projections being revised upwardly at every turn. According to the Inte ...
Tuesday, 27 February 18
SHELL SEES POTENTIAL LNG SUPPLY SHORTAGE AS GLOBAL DEMAND SURGES
Media Release: The global liquefied natural gas (LNG) market has continued to defy expectations of many market observers, with demand growing by 29 ...
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Showing 1791 to 1795 news of total 6871 |
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- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- PTC India Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- The University of Queensland
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Australian Coal Association
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
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