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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Friday, 09 March 18
U.S. EXPORTED 97 MMST OF COAL IN 2017, A 61 PER CENT INCREASE FROM 2016 - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totaled an estimated 15.1 million short tons ...
Thursday, 08 March 18
BUMA SIGNED OVER US$ 500 MILLION WORTH OF NEW CONTRACT WITH PT TANAH BUMBU RESOURCES
PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk., announced that its subsidiary, PT Bukit Makmur Mandiri Utama ("BUMA"), has entered into mining services ...
Thursday, 08 March 18
THE ENERGY CONTRIBUTION FROM COAL-BASED POWER PLANTS IS LIKELY TO INCREASE TO 1072 BU BY 2021-22 : PIB
Government of India has set an ambitious target of 175 GW from Renewable energy sources (RES) by 2022, which comprises of 100 GW Solar, 60GW from W ...
Thursday, 08 March 18
SUPRAMAX: THE MARKET IS STILL GOING STRONG IN THE PACIFIC - FEARNLEYS
Supramax
The market is still going strong in the Pacific, with Ultra fixing high US$ 13000+375000 bb for South Africa to ECI while nickel ore run ...
Thursday, 08 March 18
AVERAGE U.S. COAL MINING PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES AS PRODUCTION FALLS - EIA
Coal mining productivity in the United States increased 26% over the past five years, reaching 6.8 tons per miner hour in 2017, up from 5.4 tons pe ...
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- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
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