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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 07 March 18
WHEN AN IRRESISTIBLE FORCE MEETS AN IMMOVABLE OBJECT - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Negotiable bills of lading are fundamental to trade. As documents of title, they are essential to the sale and carriage o ...
Wednesday, 07 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - GIANNIS ANDRITSOPOULOS
The comparably small upside Handysize asset values have noted compared to other sizes since the historical lows of the dry bulk market in combinati ...
Tuesday, 06 March 18
FOREIGN INVESTORS ALLOWED TO BID FOR BIG MINING CONCESSIONS - THE JAKARTA POST
The government has allowed foreign investors to bid for mining concessions with a total area of more than 500 hectares, while smaller areas will be ...
Tuesday, 06 March 18
LNG VESSELS HAVE EMERGED AS THE FASTEST GROWING SEGMENT FOR THE WATERWAY - GERRY LATHROP
The day was July 25th 2016, a partly cloudy day on the Panama canal, and to most people a rather innocuous day without any real merit, however in s ...
Friday, 02 March 18
ANGLO AMERICAN COMPLETES SALE OF ESKOM-TIED THERMAL COAL OPERATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Anglo American plc (“Anglo American”) confirms completion of the sale of its Eskom-tied domestic thermal coal operations in South Afric ...
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Showing 1786 to 1790 news of total 6871 |
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- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
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