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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 20 February 18
INDIA: COAL IMPORT RISES BY 12 PER CENT TO 18 MILLION TONNES IN JANUARY - PTI
The country’s coal import increased by 12.4 per cent to 18.49 million tonnes (MT) in January, against 16.
44 MT in the same month of the ...
Monday, 19 February 18
JOINT INSURANCE - WHY SHOULD YOU CARE? - SKULD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
It is neither controversial nor new to say that co-assureds under a joint insurance policy cannot claim against each othe ...
Friday, 16 February 18
U.S. WEEKLY COAL OUTPUT DOWN 4.5 PER CENT WEEK OVER WEEK, EIA DATA SHOWS
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totaled an estimated 15.2 million short tons ...
Thursday, 15 February 18
INDIA: THERMAL POWER PLANTS UNDER STRESS ON RISING COAL, FREIGHT COSTS - BUSINESS STANDARD
Coal-based power plants are feeling the heat of spike in thermal grade coal prices and railway freight costs.
Prices of thermal grade coal sin ...
Wednesday, 14 February 18
HISTORY REPEATING ITSELF? - IEA
This month’s OMR is abbreviated to allow time for us to complete our annual five-year outlook that will be published in our report Oil 2018 o ...
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Showing 1801 to 1805 news of total 6871 |
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- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Parliament of New Zealand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
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