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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 22 November 17
CHINA CONSUMES MORE THAN TWO-THIRDS OF THE GLOBAL SEABORNE IRON ORE MARKET; PRODUCES AS MUCH STEEL AS THE REST OF THE WORLD COMBINED - CHRISTOPHER T. WHITTY
China consumes more than two-thirds of the global seaborne iron ore market and at the same time produces as much steel as the rest of the world com ...
Monday, 20 November 17
INDONESIAN COAL BENCHMARK PRICE SURGES 0.86% TO $94.80 A TON, GOVERNMENT DATA SHOWS
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal benchmark price surges 0.86% in November compared to declared price in October, the latest ministerial decree showed. ...
Friday, 17 November 17
U.S. PRODUCED 678.8 MMST OF COAL YEAR TO DATE; 9% UP Y/Y, EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totalled an estimated 14.8 million short ton ...
Thursday, 16 November 17
PANAMAX ACTIVITIES HAVE SLOWED DOWN QUITE SUBSTANTIALLY THE LAST WEEK - FEARNLEYS
Supramax
Another week with rates easing over all the Supra routes within Atlantic.
Front hauls from USG got payed around 21-22k daily and ul ...
Thursday, 16 November 17
KOMIPO INVITED BIDS FOR 3.9 MILLION TONS OF 5700 NAR AND 5400 NAR COAL FOR 2018 - 2020 DELIVERY
COALspot.com: South Korea state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued an another new tender for total 3,900,000 Metric Tons of min. 570 ...
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Showing 1871 to 1875 news of total 6871 |
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- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Australian Coal Association
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Parliament of New Zealand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
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