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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Monday, 06 November 17
THE THERMAL COAL MARKET CAME UNDER SOME PRESSURE AS THE OUTLOOK FOR DEMAND WEAKENED - DANIEL HYNES
Commodities were mixed as investors grappled with a revised tax plan in the US amid a rising USD said Daniel Hynes in his linked in post.
Acco ...
Monday, 06 November 17
THE FREIGHT MARKET WAS CONTINUED TO SOFTEN THIS PAST WEEK; BCI DOWN 184 POINT WEEK OVER WEEK
COALspot.com: The freight market was continued to soften this past week compared to the previous week, as BDI and all segments except Panamax index ...
Friday, 03 November 17
U.S. COAL PRODUCTION FELL WEEK-OVER-WEEK, EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totalled an estimated 14.5 million short ton ...
Wednesday, 01 November 17
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - KONSTANTINOS KONTOMICHIS
As it was expected, the strong dry bulk freight market of the past couple of months has inspired similar activity in the second-hand market. Noneth ...
Tuesday, 31 October 17
BALTIC DRY INDEX TAKES A BREAK FROM ITS UPWARD RALLY COURSE - GEORGE LAZARIDIS
It has been a week of corrections for the dry bulk freight market as it seems as the general Baltic Dry Index takes a break from its upward rally c ...
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Showing 1896 to 1900 news of total 6871 |
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- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Planning Commission, India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- The University of Queensland
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
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