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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Monday, 02 April 18
THIESS SECURES $240M SATUI EXTENSION
The successful implementation of an innovative mining plan by Thiess at the Satui coal mine in South Kalimantan, has resulted in a $240 million con ...
Friday, 30 March 18
SHIPPING INDUSTRY CONFIDENCE HITS FOUR-YEAR HIGH - MOORE STEPHENS
Shipping Confidence Survey
In February 2018, the average confidence level expressed by respondents was up from 6.2 in November 2017 t ...
Friday, 30 March 18
EXPLAINING POLAND'S COAL PARADOX - FORBES
In the U.S. coal is succumbing to market forces despite the Trump Administration’s push to support the industry. Abundant, cheap and cleaner ...
Friday, 30 March 18
THIESS SECURES $140M MT OWEN INCREASE
Thiess has secured a A$140 million increase to its contract with Glencore for coal mining services at Mt Owen in the Hunter Valley, Australia. Mt O ...
Wednesday, 28 March 18
THIESS WINS $280M WAHANA EXTENSION
Thiess has been awarded a three-year $280 million contract extension at the Wahana coal mine in South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
According to Thie ...
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- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Australian Coal Association
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
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