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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 20 March 18
TRAFIGURA GROUP PTE LTD SIGNS RECORD US$5.725 BILLION EUROPEAN MULTICURRENCY SYNDICATED REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITIES AND JPY72.64 BILLION DENOMINATED THREE YEAR TERM LOAN
Press Release: Trafigura Group Pte Ltd. (“Trafigura” or the “Company”), a market leader in the global commodities industry, ...
Monday, 19 March 18
PANAMAX: DESPITE FEWER REPORTED PERIOD TRADES THIS WEEK, RATE LEVELS HAVE REMAINED SOLID - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
There were finally reports of increased Brazil activity, but still largely unconfirmed. Vale reportedly took six ships Thursday for 5 Ap ...
Friday, 16 March 18
WEEKLY US COAL PRODUCTION DROPS 1.9 PER CENT WEEK OVER WEEK - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totaled an estimated 14.8 million short tons ...
Friday, 16 March 18
INDONESIA COAL PRICE CAP POSES LIMITED RISKS TO PRODUCERS : FITCH
Indonesia’s cap on the benchmark price of coal sold to the domestic electricity sector is unlikely to have a significant impact on the credit ...
Thursday, 15 March 18
SUPRAMAX: INDO TO CHINA COAL ROUNDS ARE PAYING IN THE LOW $13K TO S. CHINA AND HIGH $13K TO NORTH IN CHINA
Supramax
More activity from USG , front hauls to Far East have settled around $25000, and to Cont around $20000. Stable gain again in Black Sea w ...
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Showing 1766 to 1770 news of total 6871 |
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- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- The University of Queensland
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Planning Commission, India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
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