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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 28 March 18
RIO TINTO TO SELL KESTREL MINE FOR $2.25 BILLION - REUTERS
Rio Tinto sold its remaining coal asset Kestrel in Australia to private equity manager EMR Capital and Indonesia’s Adaro Energy Tbk for $2.25 ...
Friday, 23 March 18
RIO TINTO AGREES SALE OF HAIL CREEK AND VALERIA TO GLENCORE FOR $1.7 BILLION
Press Release: Rio Tinto has entered into a binding agreement with Glencore for the sale of its entire interests in the Hail Creek coal mine and th ...
Wednesday, 21 March 18
CHINA'S RAW COAL OUTPUT UP IN 2017, FIRST GROWTH SINCE 2014 - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output rose in 2017 due to rebounding demand and high-quality capacity, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) ...
Wednesday, 21 March 18
MARKET INSIGHT - CHRISTOPHER T. WHITTY
President’s Trump administration proposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports in an attempt to target China and Europe among others. Earlie ...
Tuesday, 20 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GEORGE LAZARIDIS
It has been a chilling start to the week for the global economy, with the vast majority of stock exchanges noting a fair drop, after a series of se ...
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Showing 1761 to 1765 news of total 6871 |
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- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Planning Commission, India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- PTC India Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
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