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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 28 March 18
RIO TINTO TO SELL KESTREL MINE FOR $2.25 BILLION - REUTERS
Rio Tinto sold its remaining coal asset Kestrel in Australia to private equity manager EMR Capital and Indonesia’s Adaro Energy Tbk for $2.25 ...
Friday, 23 March 18
RIO TINTO AGREES SALE OF HAIL CREEK AND VALERIA TO GLENCORE FOR $1.7 BILLION
Press Release: Rio Tinto has entered into a binding agreement with Glencore for the sale of its entire interests in the Hail Creek coal mine and th ...
Wednesday, 21 March 18
CHINA'S RAW COAL OUTPUT UP IN 2017, FIRST GROWTH SINCE 2014 - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output rose in 2017 due to rebounding demand and high-quality capacity, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) ...
Wednesday, 21 March 18
MARKET INSIGHT - CHRISTOPHER T. WHITTY
President’s Trump administration proposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports in an attempt to target China and Europe among others. Earlie ...
Tuesday, 20 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GEORGE LAZARIDIS
It has been a chilling start to the week for the global economy, with the vast majority of stock exchanges noting a fair drop, after a series of se ...
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Showing 1761 to 1765 news of total 6871 |
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- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
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