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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Friday, 06 April 18
TOP MINER BHP QUITS WORLD COAL ASSOCIATION OVER CLIMATE CLASH - BLOOMBERG
BHP Billiton Ltd. has severed ties with the World Coal Association over a clash of views on how to combat climate change, with the mining giant say ...
Thursday, 05 April 18
INDONESIA TO POSTPONE NEW COAL, PALM OIL SHIPPING RULES TO 2020 - REUTERS
Indonesia will delay until 2020 trade rules requiring exporters of coal and crude palm oil to use only Indonesian-flagged vessels, government offic ...
Tuesday, 03 April 18
MARKET ANALYSIS - GEORGE LAZARIDIS
In the midst of a relatively quiet week for markets, with disruptions being caused by the Christian holidays, it seems as though we find ourselves ...
Monday, 02 April 18
THE FREIGHT RATES ARE EXPECTED TO BE FLAT TO SOFT, SAYS VISTAAR
The freight market softening to continue. Thursday, March 29, 2018, the Baltic Dry Index decreased by 42 points, reaching 1080 points.
T ...
Monday, 02 April 18
THIESS TO DELIVER $150M SENAKIN CONTRACT EXTENSION
Thiess has secured a $150 million contract extension to provide mine services at Arutmin’s Senakin coal mine in South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
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Showing 1751 to 1755 news of total 6871 |
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- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Planning Commission, India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Australian Coal Association
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- The University of Queensland
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
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