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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Thursday, 12 April 18
ALWAYS ACCESSIBLE
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
On 26 March 2018 Mr Justice Knowles determined that the berth warranty ‘always accessible’ must mean the vess ...
Wednesday, 11 April 18
CHINA UTILITIES PLAN NEW COAL IMPORT PRICE INDEX TO CURB VOLATILITY - REUTERS
China’s major utilities are preparing to launch their own coal price index for imports, an official at China Huaneng Group said, in a move th ...
Wednesday, 11 April 18
US-CHINA TARIFF THREATS RAISE GLOBAL TRADE RISKS - FITCH
Escalating tariff proposals by the U.S. and Chinese governments are increasing the risks of a full-blown trade war, says Fitch Ratings. The most li ...
Tuesday, 10 April 18
BUMA GRANTED ADDITIONAL LOAN FACILITY FROM BTMU TO SUPPORT GROWTH
Press Release: PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk. is pleased to announce that its subsidiary, PT Bukit Makmur Mandiri Utama ("BUMA"), signed an a ...
Monday, 09 April 18
APRIL INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE DROPS TO LOWEST IN 2018
COALspot.com: According to latest ministerial decree, the Indonesian Coal Price Reference (HBA) decline 6.98 per cent in April 2018 compared to Mar ...
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Showing 1746 to 1750 news of total 6871 |
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- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The University of Queensland
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Planning Commission, India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
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