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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Thursday, 23 August 18
SUPRAMAX: SOME FRESH COAL CARGOES APPEARED IN SE ASIA, GIVING A BIT PRESSURE ON RATES FOR END AUGUST SHIPMENTS - FEARNLEYS
Capesize
Slightly softer but generally very healthy for the big ships, with limited supply of early tonnage and positive Brazilian ore export v ...
Wednesday, 22 August 18
KOMIPO INVITES BIDS FOR 480K TONS OF BITUMINOUS COAL FOR BORYEONG POWER PLANT & SHIN BORYEONG POWER PLANTS
COALspot.com: South Korea state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued a tender for 480,000 mt of min. 5700 NAR coal of Australian origi ...
Wednesday, 22 August 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - GEORGE PANAGOPOULOS
During the most quite week of the summer period we witnessed a trade war between United States and Turkey. A battle, which started with the arrest ...
Monday, 20 August 18
SUPRAMAX: OVERALL IT WAS A POSITIVE WEEK FOR THE BSI INDEX WITH GAINS MADE - THE BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
A week of largely unfulfilled expectations with holidays again curbing activity. Rates remained essentially healthy, but despite bad wea ...
Friday, 17 August 18
DO ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS IN BILLS OF LADING BIND THEIR HOLDERS? - WFW
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Bills of lading are a crucial part of the security package traditionally sought by trade finance providers.
...
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- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- The University of Queensland
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PTC India Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
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