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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Friday, 17 August 18
MALAYSIA'S MANJUNG 4 - WORLD COAL ASSOCIATION
According to the IEA’s Energy Access Outlook 2017 report, nearly all of those who gained access to electricity worldwide in the last 16 years ...
Thursday, 16 August 18
COAL PRODUCTION AT 37.11 PERCENT OF FULL-YEAR TARGET - THE JAKARTA POST
Indonesian coal production was recorded at 180 million tons on Wednesday, or 37.11 percent of the government’s 485 million target this year.
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Thursday, 16 August 18
OIL MARKET HIGHLIGHTS - OPEC
Crude Oil Price Movements
In July, the OPEC Reference Basket increased marginally by 5¢ m-o-m to settle at $73.27/b. Oil futures saw mixed ...
Tuesday, 14 August 18
THE CAPESIZE MARKET HAS SHOWN A TREMENDOUS COURSE DURING THE PAST 12 MONTHS - THOMAS CHASAPIS
The Capesize market has shown a tremendous course during the past 12 months, having quickly climbed out of the “hole that it had found itself ...
Monday, 13 August 18
A 50,200 DWT FIXED DELIVERY SINGAPORE TRIP VIA INDONESIA REDELIVERY CHINA IN THE LOW $10,000S - THE BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
Expectations of a further push in the market were largely unfulfilled last week as rates come under pressure in Asia as the North Atla ...
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Showing 1646 to 1650 news of total 6871 |
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- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- PTC India Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Economic Council, Georgia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Parliament of New Zealand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- White Energy Company Limited
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
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