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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Friday, 10 August 18
U.S. COAL PRODUCTION TO DECLINE BY 1.8% IN 2019 BECAUSE COAL EXPORTS AND COAL CONSUMPTION ARE BOTH FORECAST TO DECREASE - EIA
EIA forecasts U.S. coal production will decline by 1.1% to 766 million short tons (MMst) in 2018 despite a 5.7% (6 MMst) increase in coal exports.
...
Thursday, 09 August 18
RIO TINTO COMPLETES SALE OF REMAINING COAL ASSETS
Rio Tinto has completed the sale of its remaining coal assets in Queensland, Australia, for $3.95 billion.
According to a noted post ...
Wednesday, 08 August 18
CHINA DEMANDS PREMIUM IRON ORE, COAL; MINERS MIXED IMPACT - FITCH RATINGS
China’s stricter environmental regulations and structural changes in its steelmaking industry boosts ongoing demand for high-quality iron ore ...
Wednesday, 08 August 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - CHRISTOPHER WHITTY
Singapore's shipyard business has evolved over the decades, from shipbuilding and repairs to rig building. It's now evolving again, to cate ...
Friday, 03 August 18
PHEW! ASIA, EUROPE HEATWAVE PUSHES AUSTRALIA COAL PRICES TO 6-YEAR HIGH: REUTERS
Australian thermal coal prices have hit fresh six-year highs as a heatwave across the northern hemisphere has triggered a spike in demand for coal- ...
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Showing 1651 to 1655 news of total 6871 |
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- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Australian Coal Association
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
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