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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 31 July 18
ENERGY MINISTRY REMAINS FIRM ON DMO POLICY FOR COAL - JP
The Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry has stressed that it will not cancel its policy on the domestic market obligation (DMO) for coal, as the ...
Saturday, 28 July 18
GOVERNMENT TO REVOKE COAL PRICE CAP POLICY - JP
The government plans to revise its domestic market obligation (DMO) on coal price next week during a high-level meeting with President Joko “ ...
Thursday, 26 July 18
A SUPRAMAX IS NOW PAID AROUND USD 21,500 FOR LOADING IN THE US GULF WITH DISCHARGE IN THE FAR EAST - FEARNLEYS
Cape
There has been a relatively strong summer period so far, and there is a strong week we have left behind us.
In the Pa ...
Thursday, 26 July 18
ASEAN COAL IMPORTS INCREASED IN 2Q' 18 COMPARED TO THE PRIOR YEAR; THIS TREND TO CONTINUE AS 56 GIGAWATTS OF NEW COAL PLANTS IN 24 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE ARE EXPECTED TO COME ONLINE IN 2018 - PEABODY
Peabody announced its second quarter 2018 operating results, including revenues of $1.31 billion, income from continuing operations, net of income ...
Wednesday, 25 July 18
COAL MINER BUKIT ASAM'S PROFIT GROWS 50% IN FIRST HALF - JP
Coal miner Bukit Asam announced 50 percent profit growth to Rp 2.58 trillion (US$177.33 million) in the first half of 2018, on the back of a coal-p ...
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- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- The University of Queensland
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
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